Sunday, May 24, 2020

Ethical Dilemmas in Multicultural counselling Essay

Ethical Dilemmas in a Multicultural Setting Silvia Galea â€Å"An ethical dilemma exists whenever there are good but contradictory ethical reasons to take conflicting and incompatible courses of action.† (Kitchner, 1984 p.29) â€Å"There is no legitimate way to avoid these ethical struggles. They are part of our work†. (Pope Vasquez, 2007 p.125). Introduction Cultural competence is fast becoming the new competence in counselling (Barnett 2009, Barnett 2000). As society changes and minorities become more prominent in our society, professionals are ethically bound to learn new skills that help them deliver a culturally sensitive service to clients requesting assistance in the helping profession. (Ridley, Liddle, Hill, Li,†¦show more content†¦(Romero, 1985) highlights the need that counsellors view the identity and development of culturally diverse people in terms of multiple, interactive factors, rather than a strictly cultural framework. Working with Dodo was a challenging experience which brought about many ethical dilemmas. Such dilemmas often centred around developing her personal autonomy in the context of her ethnic origin within the culture of dependency and interdependency that collective cultures proclaim. I often found myself reflecting on how any abrupt changes could damage her rather than benefit her as nonconformity to gender roles and stereotypes can have a devastating effect on females who may be stigmatized, ostracized or even â€Å"socially erased† in particular cultural contexts (Romero, 1985). I often pondered upon what in one culture could be beneficent would result in an act of malificance in a different cultural context. I strived to be faithful to my client, to move at her pace and to go to the places where she wanted to go in the process of counseling. I urged and empowered her to teach me her cultural norms, her traditions and the intricate fabric of her cultural network that I may unde rstand her internal conflicts when she started to grow in the understanding and appreciation of other cultures which valued women empowerment. African culture has a EthicalShow MoreRelatedEthics Paper Rough Draft : Group Dynamics2624 Words   |  11 Pagescompetent counselor is the ability and knowledge to integrate ethical codes into ones professional practice (Kocet, 2006). Therefore, this ethics paper will explore the topics of ethics as it is within groups as compared to ethics regarding individual counseling. Ethical decisions are those pertaining to the overarching moral principles, such as doing good for others which is termed beneficence and to do no harm which is no maleficence in ethical terms (Rapin, 2004). Furthermore, it is imperative toRead MoreEthical Standards For Mental Health Service Providers3426 Words   |  14 PagesRunning head: ETHICAL STANDARDS EXAM 1 Ethical Standards for Mental Health Service Providers Final Exam Alanna Sampson Yorkville University Question 1 Working within the confines of consulting or private practice the following expectations and code of ethics must be followed according to the CCPA Standards of Practice (2015). ?Foremost, the counselor who is providing the third party service should have a clear understanding as to their role, the relationship with each party, theRead MoreEthics in Multicultural Counseling3154 Words   |  13 PagesEthical Issues in Multicultural Counseling Abstract In the past, counselors have lacked the knowledge and skills to interpret ethical guidelines in multicultural counseling. The ethical guidelines dictate how a counselor should have the necessary tools when conducting a counseling session. There is a shortfall of training and education when dealing with race, ethnicity, and cultural backgrounds in today’s society. Ethics is a hot topic for counselors, partially because there are so many differentRead MoreSchool Counseling: A Case Study in Ethical Decision Making Essay2469 Words   |  10 PagesIdentify the problem This case had several ethical, legal and professional ramifications, including aspects of cultural differences between non-indigenous and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients. There is a requirement for counsellors to actively understand the diverse cultural backgrounds, and differences in behaviour of their clients; stated in; The Australian Counselling Association (ACA-Au., 2008); Code of Conduct (2, 2.1), American Counselling Association (ACA, US, 2005), Code of EthicsRead MoreEthical Standards For Mental Health Service Providers2906 Words   |  12 PagesRunning head: ETHICAL STANDARDS EXAM 12 Ethical Standards for Mental Health Service Providers Final Exam Alanna Sampson Yorkville University Question 1 Introducing the limits of confidentiality in simple language that a client can understand is the first step in establishing the therapeutic relationship. ?Confidently should be explained to all potential clients with the general understanding that any information gained from the counseling relationship is kept confidential. TheyRead MoreAnalysis of Immigration in Canada6747 Words   |  27 Pagesthe jurisdiction and powers of tribunals.[8] Evidently, immigration policy and planning was placed very firmly in the context of many areas of public policies; thus, it should continue to be in the 21st century. 3. An International Dilemma Critique From a global perspective it is sometimes argued that by liberalizing immigration policy developed countries will exacerbate the ‘brain drain,’ robbing developing countries of their most talented and well-trained citizens, leavingRead MoreHealth: Sociology and Social Care9095 Words   |  37 Pagesbehaviourist, cognitive, psychoanalytical Techniques and purposes: techniques eg written, listening, verbal, non-verbal; purposes eg record keeping, giving information, challenging poor practice, educating, decision making, negotiating, advocacy, counselling, mentoring Inappropriate interpersonal communication: barriers to communication eg inappropriate language, incongruent messages, misinterpretation, breach of confidentiality, breach of trust, invasion of privacy, power, threat, abuse; influencesRead MoreSMSC12647 Words   |  51 Pagescontemporary society where social norms have changed. There are many dilemmas to be faced but doing what is right for right s sake, rather than through fear of accountability, is the foundation of moral development. Other moral qualities such as truth, honesty and a sense of responsibility will grow from this as a natural extension. Church schools can then truly affirm that moral development is based on Christian beliefs and ethical principles. Moral Development across the curriculum It is veryRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesââ€"  PAGE NUMBER IN THE BOOK 605 608 619 625 629 652 662 667 677 685 694 708 712 718 727 733 740 746 CASE Ministry of Sound – rapid growth but a questionable future in the music industry. Pharmaceutical Industry – global forces at work in the ethical pharmaceutical industry. TUI – competitive forces in the travel industry. HiFi – how can small players survive changing markets? Amazon (B) – latest developments in a successful dot.com. Formula One – developing the capabilities for competitive successRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagescommittee included the two chairmen, all 10 shareholder representatives as well as four prominent outsiders. [This committee] has no decisionmaking powers, which rest solely with the supervisory board, but instead restricts itself to debate and counselling and provides fact-based recommendations to support opinion-forming among the shareholder representatives. The committee met six times a year and had two sub-committees. The audit sub-committee dealt with the examination of ï ¬ nancial accounts and

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

The Positive and Negative Effects of Mongol Practice and...

Ruta Malsky 11-26-11 Pd 6 The Positive and Negative effects of Mongol Practice and Belief The Mongol empire was the world’s largest empire. The Mongol’s practices and beliefs had both positive and negative effects. The large Mongolian empire promoted communication and diversity; however, despite this positive effect, the Mongolian empire housed the deaths of many innocent people. In addition to this, the Mongol empire fostered various religions, but enforced the same practices on everyone, no matter what religion they may follow; this brought order amongst the Mongolian empire. The Mongolian empire was, and still is to this day, the largest empire known to man (Doc 1). Under the Mongolians, communication was immensely improved†¦show more content†¦After the Mongols would sack a city, they would drive out the city’s citizens and chop off their heads, and after the heads were they would sort the heads into piles: one for men, one for women, and then one for children (Doc 4). In so me cases they even buried people alive upside-down (Doc 5)! However, this document, document 5, may be biased. This document came from a Persian manuscript, so the Persians could have over exaggerated the strictness of the Mongols and portrayed them as wicked people. It is very possible that the Persians could have does this especially if they despised the Mongols for taking over their land. Very few people survived, if any were to have survived, then the survivors were most likely artisans or slaves, since the Mongols sought them out before they began to murder the city’s inhabitants with an axe (Doc 3). However, inhabitants of cities were not the only ones who suffered assassination; soldiers of the Mongolian army suffered manslaughter as well. In the Mongolian army there was a captain who oversaw ten soldiers, then there was a captain supervised one hundred soldiers, and so on (Doc.2). If a few men out of a group of ten were to run away, then all of the ten men would be p ut to death (Doc 2). Same applies to men in a group of one hundred; if ten men were to flee from a group of one hundred, then every man, from that group of one hundred men, would beShow MoreRelatedInfluence Of Science And Religion1564 Words   |  7 Pages1. Q) Compare and contrast the influence of science and religion in the development of humanity. Discuss both the positive and the negative. A) The systematic testing of observations, and the belief of something larger than ourselves, have been part of the human experience since time began. Both science and religion have influenced human thought and civilization. When a question could not be answered by time and observation, people fell back on spiritual explanationsRead MoreThe Plague Of The Black Death1798 Words   |  8 Pagesthe European population was affected in both positive and negative ways. From his writing it stood out that the lower class was affected the most as the conditions they lived in were worse than in the upper classes. This research paper will reveal the effects of medieval methods of treatment of this disease, precautions that were taken to stop spreading the plague, and the post effects on European society. Especially, I want to highlight that the practice of quarantine has always been controversialRead MoreInvention of Paper in China5180 Words   |  21 Pageslabor and low production costs whi ch give China an advantage over other countries. Evidence of this tremendous growth can be seen in the low unemployment rate and the increasing volume of exports. (The Chinese Economy, 2011). Contrary to popular belief, education in China is not free. Children are required to attend both primary and junior middle school for a total of nine years. Tuition is free during these required years, but there costs of materials and supplies are the responsibility of theRead MoreGlobalization : A New Wave Of Christian Thought3019 Words   |  13 Pagesand migration have been the popular claim for the new southward movement because of a silent passenger that’s travels with the movement of people called the, â€Å"invisible suitcase or baggage.† This invisible suitcase contains inside all the religious beliefs an individual has and wants to preserve. (Padilla and Phan) This â€Å"suitcase† is relevant because being in a new environment causes people to feel insecure, judged and persecuted. So in order for someone to feel comfortable and avoid anxiety or alienationRead MoreIslamic and Christianity Essay13431 Words   |  54 PagesPrescored answer papers. Score levels 5 and 1 have two papers each, and score levels 4, 3, and 2 have three papers each. They are ordered by score level from high to low. †¢ Commentary explaining the specific score awarded to each paper †¢ Five prescored practice papers General: †¢ Test Specifications †¢ Web addresses for the test-specific conversion chart and teacher evaluation forms Copyright 2010 The University of the State of New York THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Albany, New York 12234 GLOBAL HISTORYRead MoreReligion And Its Role Within Societies 600 B.c11006 Words   |  45 Pagesit’s written down, it’s much easier to spread your beliefs and it’s harder to forget specifics of your religion or law. Writing down religious and political texts has greatly facilitated the religions’ diffusion and spread throughout the globe, and consequently, brought together and apart many more religious people and governments. What also helped currently popular and dominant religions spread was that most of them build upon the religious beliefs already accepted by the societies the religions were

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Bertha K. Baum Free Essays

Dear (insert title and name of manager here), Thank you for taking the time to discuss the Insert Job title position at Insert Company Name with me. After meeting with you I am further convinced that my background and skills coincide with your needs. I really appreciate the time you took to acquaint me with the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Bertha K. Baum or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is no wonder that Insert Company Name retains its employees for so long. I feel I could learn a great deal from you and would certainly enjoy working with you. In addition to my qualifications and experience, I will bring excellent work habits and judgment to this position. With the countless demands on your time, I am sure that you require people who can be trusted to carry out their responsibilities with minimum supervision. I look forward, Insert Name of manager here, to hearing from you concerning your hiring decision. Again, thank you for your time and Consideration. Sincerely, Bertha K. Baum How to cite Bertha K. Baum, Papers

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Case Study Project Management For Data Warehouse Development Project

Question: Discuss about the case study Project Management for Data Warehouse Development Project. Answer: Project Integration Management Project Charter The project deals with developing and establishing a multidimensional, multilevel data warehouse on Microsoft 2012 SQL Server Platform. The project will also ensure the security of the files in the warehouse along with the validation of the data stored. Furthermore, the reviewing of the errors in ETL processes and training of the staffs for using the warehouse also include within the project deliverables. Project Title Establishing new data warehouse capability within the existing SST IT infrastructure Project Location Southern State TAFE Brief Description of the Project The project Establishment of a new warehouse aims to ensure the cross application production reporting capability. The undertaken project will encompass data warehouse provision, dashboard production and will provide reporting capability of the BI portal. Prepared By [Name of the Student] Date [Mention Date] Version 1.0 Scope Statement An efficient project scope statement in the project management plan allows in identifying the detailed scope of the undertaken project along with constraints required for the project. In this particular project, the scope is mainly based on enhancing the performance of the organization by bringing a large number of changes in the systems and frameworks. These are mainly targeted by using more efficient working database and warehouse systems and other technical changes. Management of Project Scope, Execution Control, Change Management As there are many scopes in a project, management of each scope is needed. For this, the actual scopes of this project and the out of scope parts are to be determined. Scope of the Project Following are the in scope of the project. To develop a multi-dimensional database of the warehouse based on Microsoft 2012 SQL Server Platform To develop a SharePoint site for using the Business Intelligence Portal To implement a data load and file transfer mechanism according to the SST infrastructure standards To develop a security model for BI portal and data warehouse that provide a conjunction along with Active Directory Groups To define the Key Performance Indicators (KPI) along with the Balance Score card To create a link between the BI Portal and SST intranet To train the SST staff for using the data warehouse and BI portal Out of Scope The following will be excluded in the project. To link any other system with the data warehouse To create the data extraction from any other systems Project Execution and Control The project will be executed according to the plan blueprint. The plan blueprint will be developed following the work breakdown structure as follows: Figure: Work Breakdown Structure (Source: Created by Author) Change Management Previously, an estimated task schedule was provided for the required project plan. However, after analysis with the actual project scenario and using latest technical equipments, several changes will be made in that table as follows: Task Name Duration Data Warehouse Development and Installation Project 375 days Project Initiation Phase 6 days Understanding the Requirement 2 days Conducting feasibility test 2 days Developing the project charter 2 days Project Planning Phase 39 days Develop project plan 15 days Create project scheduling 5 days Create resource allocation 5 days Developing communication plan 4 days Forming the team 10 days Execution phase 285 days Development of Data Warehouse 103 days Develop the architecture 30 days Collect the data from various sources 5 days Develop the multidimensional cube of the warehouse 20 days Develop the blueprint of hardware system 10 days Develop the system design of Business Intelligence Portal 23 days Design the User Interface of the system 15 days Implementation phase 87 days Hardware implementation 20 days Designing the database 20 days Software implementation of the data warehouse system 15 days Development of the SharePoint site 10 days Connecting the Business Intelligence Portal and data warehouse 15 days Connecting the warehouse with another system 7 days Deployment and Testing Phase 95 days testing the architecture design 15 days software testing 20 days data validation testing 10 days security testing 15 days unit testing 5 days Risk identification and mitigation 30 days closing phase 45 days creating the link to BI portal and SST intranet 10 days training of the staffs 20 days maintenance of the warehouse 15 days [The ones marked in yellow have been changed] Management of changes will be needed as some of the tasks will need lesser time due to use of technology instead of manual work and some will take greater time as more emphasis are to be put into the tasks. Project Quality Management Planning This project will have a number of phases that must be conducted one after the order in order to complete all of them with success. The order and type of tasks will be as follows: Task No Task Name 1 Data Warehouse Development and Installation Project 1.1 Project Initiation Phase 1.1.1 Understanding the Requirement 1.1.2 Conducting feasibility test 1.1.3 Developing the project charter 1.2 Project Planning Phase 1.2.1 Develop project plan 1.2.2 Create project scheduling 1.2.3 Create resource allocation 1.2.4 Developing communication plan 1.2.5 Forming the team 1.3 Execution phase 1.3.1 Development of Data Warehouse 1.3.1.1 Develop the architecture 1.3.1.2 Collect the data from various sources 1.3.1.3 Develop the multidimensional cube of the warehouse 1.3.1.4 Develop the blueprint of hardware system 1.3.1.5 Develop the system design of Business Intelligence Portal 1.3.1.6 Design the User Interface of the system 1.3.2 Implementation phase 1.3.2.1 Hardware implementation 1.3.2.2 Designing the database 1.3.2.3 Software implementation of the data warehouse system 1.3.2.4 Development of the SharePoint site 1.3.2.5 Connecting the Business Intelligence Portal and data warehouse 1.3.2.6 Connecting the warehouse with another system 1.3.3 Deployment and Testing Phase 1.3.3.1 Testing the architecture design 1.3.3.2 Software testing 1.3.3.3 Data validation testing 1.3.3.4 Security testing 1.3.3.5 Unit testing 1.3.3.6 Risk identification and mitigation 1.4 closing phase 1.4.1 Creating a link to BI portal and SST intranet 1.4.2 Training of the staffs 1.4.3 Maintenance of the warehouse Control The project will be controlled as per the planning made for the scheduling. Each of the tasks will be done one after another to execute the project effectively. Configuration Management The systems will be configured according to the requirements once the project starts. Latest technical configurations and best possible equipments will be used for the project. Human Resource Management HR Planning For this project, HR planning is necessary for recruitment of the stakeholders that are not available inside the organization. The following will be the duties of the HR team in this project. HR Department Duty Examination Team To test the stakeholder candidates for possible selection Recruitment Team To recruit candidates according to the test results and recruitment guidelines Management Team To manage the employees and delegate the tasks in the project Program Handling Team To handle the project according to plan Resource Management Team To manage allocated resources according to the requirements of the project Employee Concern Team To manage and address concerns of the employees Procurement Team To procure necessary resources after allocation Organisational Chart/s Role of the Project Manager and Project Team The role of a project manager is huge. He has the duty of managing the whole project in the right direction. In this project, the role of the project manager will be the following: Managing the Project The project manager will manage the project according to the requirements. After analysis of all the requirements, the research team will send a report to the project manager. He will analyse this report and financial statement and will decide the direction of the project. Resource Allocation After analysing the project requirements, the manager will analyse financial statement and available resources. He will then allocate resources in each field of the project. Employee Management The project manager will delegate tasks to the employees according to their specializations. He has to ensure that every employee completes their jobs effectively and efficiently. Analysis of Project Reports The project manager will analyse the regular project reports sent to him to judge the progress of the project. He will then decide the future and the direction of the project. The project team is responsible for conducting the project according to requirements. The following are the duties of the project team. Project Operations The project team will be responsible for conducting the project according to the requirements. The team has to ensure that all the operations are being conducted according to the project plan. Resource Management The project team will manage resources allocated to them according to the requirements. They have to ensure the resources are spent in such a way that no extra expenses are encountered during the project. Preparation and Sending of Project Reports The project team should prepare and send regular project reports to the manager so that he is able to track the progress of the project. Resources The estimated resources for this project are as follows: Task Resource Estimated Cost Feasibility Test Testing Softwares, Automated Analysis Tools $1000 Employee/Expert Recruitment Specialized Experts $15000 Architecture Development Architecture Softwares, Latest Computer Systems $5000 + $20000 Data Collection Internet Tools $1000 Development of Blueprint, Intelligence Portal, User Interface Design Softwares $10000 Implementation of Architecture, Hardware, Blueprints, Designs Technically Upgraded Systems $10000 Testing (Software, Unit, Design, Security) Testing Softwares $2000 Staff Training Specialized Trainers $10000 Project Communications Management Communications Plan The following communication plan may be followed. Vehicle Description Purpose Frequency Owner / Stakeholder Internal/ External Comments/ Distribution List Project Report, Financial Report The sponsors will check the reports and will decide on future investment. Quarterly Project Sponsors External Future Investment Policy Future Service Details Future service details will encourage more customers to come to the organization. Weekly Customers External Use of Service, Feedback Project Report Project Manager will decide the direction of the project based on the project report. Weekly / Biweekly Project Manager Internal Leading and managing of the project, project guidelines Project Progress Report Internal customers will understand the upgraded services. Monthly Internal Customer Internal Feedback Tests Schedule They will prepare the systems and make backups for the existing systems. Daily SST Staffs Internal System Quality Report Test Results They will further enhance the codes and designs. Daily Tester, Developers, Coder Internal Quality Report Trainee Progress Report Training team provides efficient training to the employees and staffs for using the data warehouse for storing and retrieving files. Daily Training Team Internal Updated Progress Reports Financial and Protection Statements Insurance company will be providing effort in regulatory and licensing business and data protection act. Monthly Insurance Company External Funds Reports Security Information and Threat Reports They will be responsible for maintaining the security of data both from internal and external parties. Daily Security Team Internal Security Reports Data Reports They are responsible for maintaining and administrating the data, and authentication the users Biweekly SST Administrator Internal Authentication Reports Suitable Medium/s Channels The communication media according to stakeholders are as follows: Stakeholder Communication Medium Project Sponsors Phone calls, formal mails, fax Customers Advertisements Project Manager Face-to-face, phone calls, formal mails Internal Customer Leaflets SST Staffs Face-to-face Tester, Developers, Coder Face-to-face Training Team Face-to-face (Interactive) Insurance Company Mails, fax Security Team Face-to-face SST Administrator Mails, chats Project Procurement Management 400 Processes to Support Project Procurement Background In this particular project, procurement is necessary for assimilating all the necessary resources and using them effectively to proceed with the project according to the plan. Procurement will be necessary for technical equipments and employees / personnel. Scope Procurement of resources (technical or human) will help the company in the upgradation as well as expansion. Contract Commencement Date The contracts will commence from the start of the project (at least few days prior to the start of actual operations. Number of Contractors The number of contractors will depend on the decision of the company on the ground of outsourcing. However, the number should not exceed a limit such that the company is forced to overspend in the project. Contract Terms The contract terms should favour both the contractor and the company. The contractor should be to benefit from the terms and the company should not overspend due to the terms. Funding The company should provide sufficient funding. But the company must not overspend. Estimated Contract Value The estimated total contract value is $100,000. General Conditions The general conditions will be following: The contractor should not break the terms of the contract unless mutually agreed. The company holds the right to terminate any contract anytime. The contractor will not be responsible for any effect of the fault from the companys part. Approval to Proceed The final approval for proceeding will be given by the project manager. Outsourcing In this project, there are several tasks that cannot be done by the internal employees of the organization only. Hence, outsourcing is needed in order to hire outsiders in this project. A simple outsourcing plan has been provided as below. Project Task Outsourcing Plan Valuation of Assets Hiring of Insurance Company Employee Training Hiring of external and expert trainers System Security Checks (Advanced Level) Use of external security experts Marketing and Promotion Use of an advertisement agency Planning Purchases and Acquisitions A purchase plan for the company along with estimated budget is provided below. Asset / Requirement Estimated Budget Updated Hardware Systems $100,000 Latest Versions of Softwares $50,000 System Equipments $20,000 Others $25,000 Bibliography Caldern, A. and Ruiz, M., 2014. Bringing Real-life Practice in Software Project Management Training Through a Simulation-based Serious Game. InCSEDU (2)(pp. 117-124). Hughes, R., 2012.Agile Data Warehousing Project Management: Business Intelligence Systems Using Scrum. Newnes. Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Leach, L.P., 2014.Critical chain project management. Artech House. Marchewka, J.T., 2014.Information technology project management. John Wiley Sons. Menzies, T., Brady, A., Keung, J., Hihn, J., Williams, S., El-Rawas, O., Green, P. and Boehm, B., 2013. Learning project management decisions: a case study with case-based reasoning versus data farming.IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,39(12), pp.1698-1713. Mir, F.A. and Pinnington, A.H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International Journal of Project Management,32(2), pp.202-217. Nagarajan, R., Joseph, A.V. and Sujatha, S., 2015. Behavioural Aspects of Software Project Management-In-House Software Development.Indian Journal of Science and Technology,8(S3), pp.1-9. OConnor, R.V. and Laporte, C.Y., 2012, June. Software project management in very small entities with ISO/IEC 29110. InEuropean Conference on Software Process Improvement(pp. 330-341). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Reiss, G., 2013.Project management demystified: Today's tools and techniques. Routledge. Ryerson, M.S. and Woodburn, A., 2016. Manage Flight Demand or Build Airport Capacity?.ACCESS Magazine,1(48). Sen, A., Ramamurthy, K. and Sinha, A.P., 2012. A model of data warehousing process maturity.IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,38(2), pp.336-353. Sun, Y. and Schonfeld, P., 2015. Stochastic capacity expansion models for airport facilities.Transportation Research Part B: Methodological,80, pp.1-18. Teller, J., Unger, B.N., Kock, A. and Gemnden, H.G., 2012. Formalization of project portfolio management: The moderating role of project portfolio complexity.International Journal of Project Management,30(5), pp.596-607. Trendowicz, A. and Jeffery, R., 2014.Software project effort estimation: Foundations and best practice guidelines for success. Springer. Varajo, J., Dominguez, C., Ribeiro, P.M.G.D.A. and Paiva, A., 2014. Failures in software project managementare we alone? A comparison with construction industry.International journal of modern project management,2(1), pp.22-27.