Negotiating Agreement Without In Penguin -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Negotiating Agreement Without In Penguin? Answer: Presentation The PATCO (Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization) association was endeavoring to arrange another work the executives contract with the FAA. The agreement was dismissed by 90% of the individuals and Robert Poli, the association head utilized the strategy of offering better bundle from the FFA. Be that as it may, when no pointless outcome was found, Poli made strike move against the' FAA. This demonstration of arranging is viewed as unscrupulous on the grounds that as per recently marked agreement with FAA, strike activity was precluded and rendered illicit. Henceforth, by making this stride, the association surpassed its power. It is vital for association mediators to take a scarcely discernible difference and never surpass their position (Fisher, Ury and Patton 2011). In any case, by going towards strike activity, the association submitted a dishonest or unlawful act. Since the strike activity by the association was improper, the administration made the stride of terminating every single striking controller from their activity and forcing a few million dollars for every day fine for infringement. Poli was detained and every single striking controller were prohibited from any further business. This demonstration of the legislature is correct on the grounds that when an association arbitrator surpasses their power, they are considered to be rebuffed. Such acts by the association moderator ought to be promptly contradicted in light of the fact that such activity hurts the entire network or individuals from the network as well (Delreux and Kerremans 2010). Consequently, the legislatures activity is correct in light of the fact that the moderator is obligated to pay remuneration or fine when they penetrate agreements and exchange rules. Robert Poli, the association illustrative of PATCO was to blame in separating the arrangement in light of the fact that as opposed to remaining in the constraints of his position, he abused the exchange standards by the breaking the agreement marked by FAA. Picketing in ordinary when exchange falls flat, anyway Poli did the error of overlooking the past agreement marked with FAA where he was carefully precluded from making any strike move. Henceforth, regardless of marking this agreement, Polis guidance to PATCO to strike activity against FAA was a misstep. They can show a specific level of militancy in satisfying associations request, anyway they can't show their believability by surpassing their power. Rather than going for strike, PATCO could have made the move of speaking with the individuals again to determine the contention. Since the FAA didn't consented to show signs of improvement bundle, Poli could have interfaced with individuals to clarify them the advantages of going for work the board contract even without constitution. By taking a gander at the advantages of the agreement, the contention between the two gatherings could have been settled and the association would not need to experience hurtful outcomes (Moorthy and Ghosal 2017). Another methodology that Poli could have taken was to deal with the issue morally as opposed to breaking the agreements. He could have done the arrangement before the individual from PATCO with the goal that they could comprehend the explanations behind constraining concessions. This would have caused Poli to show to their individuals that he can just exhibit solidarity, anyway he doesn't has the position to get the ideal concessions from the o ther party. A portion of the correspondence difficulties and boundaries that Barry, food administration administrator at an easygoing feasting eatery, faces in his work are as per the following: Language and social obstruction in correspondence: Barry has the job of regulating workers at the rear of the house. In any case, extraordinary age gathering of workers and their distinctive social and ethnic foundation is a test in correspondence for Barry. This is on the grounds that many do utilize English as an essential language and during preparing for sanitation issues, they may not follow the guidance given by Barry. This is probably going to make misconception and correspondence issues at the café (De Jesus-Rivas, Conlon and Burns, 2016). High turnover rate: High turnover rate and surged preparing plans for representatives is another boundary to powerful correspondence with representatives as Barry neglects to give satisfactory sanitation trainings to laborers Barry can find a way to address the difficulties and obstructions referenced previously: As representatives from various language and social gatherings are working at the eatery, Barry can illuminate the issue by utilizing mediators during instructional course with the goal that all representatives get directions and give input (Badruddin and Arif, 2017). Barry can likewise address the language hole by demonstrating approaches to rehearse sanitation at the café rather than verbally letting them know. Since high turnover makes hole in correspondence, Barry needs to put time in instructional course so no representatives gets set without getting the necessary preparing. Extra time and cost is required in this undertaking. Barry can persuade representatives by taking part in open correspondence with workers and inquisitive them about any boundaries that keep them from agreeing to sanitation convention. The demonstration of listening is probably going to connect with workers and increment their inspiration to reaction during gatherings (Mikkelson, York and Arritola 2015). The guidelines working strategy (SOPs) that Barry could hope to uphold to advance sanitation rehearses in the eatery are: Barry can make SOPs to list down stepwise methods to hand washing such given guidance with respect to how to wash hand, utilizing cleansers from allocators, washing fingers completely and drying hand utilizing towels or mechanical dryer In similar manners, SOPs can be authorized with respect to use of glove and utensil and individual cleanliness The most significant need is list down approaches to deal with, got, defrost and store nourishments. Barry can go about as a help for workers to follow safe food dealing with rehearses by: Transparently speaking with workers and clarifying them about the advantages of safe dealing with rehearses for their own security and wellbeing of buyers Taking input from workers in regards to the difficulties they face in executing sanitation conventions Valuing any representatives who agree to sanitation conventions. This will persuade others to follow a similar daily practice and such strategies will improve inspiration of representatives to follow the sanitation rules. Reference: Badruddin, S. what's more, Arif, S., 2017. Past the Language Barrier Speak,See,Help Me.J Nurs Care,6(418), pp.2167-1168. De Jesus-Rivas, M., Conlon, H.A. what's more, Burns, C., 2016. The effect of language and culture decent variety in word related safety.Workplace wellbeing safety,64(1), pp.24-27. Delreux, T. what's more, Kerremans, B., 2010. How specialists debilitate their principals motivating forces to control: The instance of EU moderators and EU part states in multilateral negotiations.European Integration,32(4), pp.357-374. Fisher, R., Ury, W.L. what's more, Patton, B., 2011.Getting to yes: Negotiating understanding without surrendering. Penguin. Mikkelson, A.C., York, J.A. what's more, Arritola, J., 2015. Correspondence capability, administration practices, and worker results in manager representative relationships.Business and Professional Communication Quarterly,78(3), pp.336-354. Moorthy, D.M. what's more, Ghosal, M., 2017. An investigation on an explanatory way to deal with viable correspondence to determine clashes at industries.People: International Journal of Social Sciences,3(2).

Watergate Essays (2241 words) - Watergate Scandal, John Dean

Watergate Sex, drugs, cash, power, and so on and there is an embarrassment for it, however think back and you will see that from all the embarrassments there have been, Watergate was among the most noticeably terrible. The Watergate outrage had everything. From Nixon disrespecting the administration by deceiving the nation and manhandling his capacity, to his advisory groups being associated with illicit acts and a major concealment. All prompting minimal side streets of defilement and untruths. Watergate is by a wide margin one of the most exceedingly terrible presidential embarrassments throughout the entire existence of the United States. In the narrative of Watergate, five thieves were discovered breaking into just workplaces at the Watergate complex in Washington DC. The sever in was passed as simply one more theft, yet when the criminals were found to have associations with the CIA, questions were beginning to be inquired. At that point when the telephone number of Howard Hunt was found in one of the criminals telephone directories, it made individuals figure, For what reason would one of the robbers have the telephone number of one of the presidents men? Then there is Richard Nixon, the real thing, assumes the job of the leader of the US of America. The man that was casted a ballot into office by the individuals, and the man that vowed to serve the individuals. At the point when Watergate was revealed, it uncovered that the president was a liar and a cheat. The president deceived our nation, lied about his contribution, covered self implicating proof, mishandled his capacity, and planed to have the CIA stop the FBI examinations. He was likewise profoundly associated with the concealment and still lied about his inclusion. During the hours of the disentangling of Watergate, questions were gotten some information about associations with the White House and the president, yet when the president was gotten some information about it at a public interview he guaranteed Americans that The White House has no inclusion whatever in this specific occurrence. He was lying to the nation like it was an aspect of his responsibilities (Dorman 158). The lying didn't end there, it continued endlessly for a considerable length of time, and as the embarrassment continued disentangling, President Nixon and White House, and creep authorities were purposely misdirecting the general population about the criticalness of the Watergate issue (158). As Watergate was turning into a first page article in the papers, new proof was being revealed. One bit of proof that changed the people groups thoughts of our president was the tapping of each discussion in the oval office since about the eighteenth month of president Nixon's term (Kutler 368). Those tapes would before long demonstrate that the president was profoundly associated with the embarrassment. During the preliminaries, the Nixon organization guaranteed that the March 21st, 1973 meeting was the principal Nixon had known about the smoke screens, yet after the tapes were heard it was found that Nixon was included from the earliest starting point (Legacy 36). The Nixon tapes brought out a lot of contention. The tapes alone could demonstrate the president honest or blameworthy, whichever one it was, Nixon wouldn't hand over the tapes. the courts at that point requested the tapes, and Nixon still would not surrender them. After much battle Nixon consented to give a transcript of the tapes. The transcripts exposed a huge sum of proof against Nixon. The transcripts uncovered settlements, association with the robberies, and the OK's to the concealment, But most significant the transcripts demonstrated that Nixon had lied more than once after he had denied knowing anything about the trick (27). After much battle, the courts at last got the tapes from Nixon, It was Archibald Cox that gave the summon for the tapes, and that began the bloodbath we presently know as the Saturday night slaughter. The evening of October 20,1973, potentially the most turbulent in American political history, when the extraordinary Watergate examiner and the countries two top law officials lost their positions inside the space of an hour and a half. (Heritage 38). Before long the nation would locate another issue with the tapes. At the point when the presidents legal advisors were going over the tapes, they went along a brief hole during a discussion with Nixon and Haldman (34). Three weeks after the fact, the hole was found, Rosemary Woods (Nixon's secretary) affirmed that while translating the tape, she had unintentionally eradicated maybe five minutes when hindered by a call, she said she had squeezed the ?Record' button rather than the ?Stop' catch and afterward kept her foot on the machines control pedal while talking into the telephone. (34) Not every person acknowledged this clarification; The move would have been troublesome

Personality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PD-NOS)

Personality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PD-NOS) BPD Diagnosis Print Personality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PD-NOS) By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 18, 2019 Mario Pucic/Moment/Getty Images More in BPD Diagnosis Treatment Living With BPD Related Conditions Personality disorder not otherwise specified (PD-NOS), also referred to as personality disorder NOS was a diagnostic category in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV-TR). This diagnostic category was reserved for a clinically significant problem in personality functioning that did not fit into any of the other existing personality disorder categories. Changes in Personality Disorder NOS in DSM-5 In the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), personality disorder not otherwise specified has been replaced by personality disorderâ€"trait specified (PD-TS). This diagnosis is given when you have the characteristics of a personality disorder, but you dont fully meet the criteria for any specific one. You may even have a variety of symptoms of several different personality disorders. Types and Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders are characterized by thinking and feeling about yourself and others in a way that causes significant impairment to your everyday functioning and relationships. There are ten personality disorders listed in DSM-5. They include: Borderline Personality Disorder   This disorder is characterized by turbulent relationships with others, paranoid thinking, a deep-rooted and extreme fear of abandonment, emotional instability, impulsive behaviors and an unstable sense of self.   Paranoid Personality Disorder   People with a paranoid personality disorder may be socially isolated, hostile, have a constant worry that others have ulterior motives, expect people to use them for their own means and have trouble working and getting along with others. Avoidant Personality Disorder If you have an avoidant personality disorder, you may be very shy, easily hurt, see yourself as not as good as everyone else, avoid situations or jobs that force you to be in contact with others, not open up in romantic relationships and blow situations out of proportion. Schizoid Personality Disorder This disorder may be related to schizophrenia but is not as severe. People with this disorder may be emotionally unavailable, distant, appear aloof and tend to isolate themselves from others. They have no desire for close relationships, even with family members. Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Not to be mistaken for obsessive-compulsive disorder  (OCD), which is an anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) does have many of the same features as OCD. One of the main differences between the two is that in OCD, people have thoughts they dont want and in OCPD, people believe their thoughts are correct. This disorder features a rigid adherence to rules and/or lists, perfectionism, an inability to be flexible, generous or show affection and being obsessed with work. Antisocial Personality Disorder Antisocial personality disorder involves behavior that is often criminal. People with this disorder tend to manipulate, not care about others safety, lie, steal, fight, be angry, have no remorse for their actions, violate others rights, be charming, engage in substance abuse, break the law and use other people for their own benefit. Histrionic Personality Disorder If you have histrionic personality disorder, you are likely able to function well in life. This disorder involves needing to be the center of attention and engaging in intense emotional drama to do so. Other symptoms are having a hard time dealing with criticism, blaming others for failure, extreme worry about what others think, impulsive behavior, being overly concerned about your looks and always needing approval and/or reassurance.   Narcissistic Personality Disorder In narcissistic personality disorder, people have an inflated sense of themselves and their importance, are unable to empathize with others and focus almost entirely on themselves and what they want and need. Schizotypal Personality Disorder Unlike people with schizophrenia, if you have schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), you are in touch with reality and usually dont experience hallucinations  or delusions. Symptoms of SPD include having strange beliefs and/or fears, being uncomfortable in social situations, not having close friends, having an unusual appearance or behavior and being unable to express your feelings appropriately. Dependent Personality Disorder This disorder is characterized by being too dependent on others for your physical and/or emotional needs. Symptoms include not wanting to be alone, not being able to make independent decisions, being unable to express disagreement, becoming passive in interpersonal relationships, excessive caring about what others think, worry about being abandoned and an inability to deal with criticism or disapproval.

Ethical Dilemmas in Multicultural counselling Essay

Ethical Dilemmas in a Multicultural Setting Silvia Galea â€Å"An ethical dilemma exists whenever there are good but contradictory ethical reasons to take conflicting and incompatible courses of action.† (Kitchner, 1984 p.29) â€Å"There is no legitimate way to avoid these ethical struggles. They are part of our work†. (Pope Vasquez, 2007 p.125). Introduction Cultural competence is fast becoming the new competence in counselling (Barnett 2009, Barnett 2000). As society changes and minorities become more prominent in our society, professionals are ethically bound to learn new skills that help them deliver a culturally sensitive service to clients requesting assistance in the helping profession. (Ridley, Liddle, Hill, Li,†¦show more content†¦(Romero, 1985) highlights the need that counsellors view the identity and development of culturally diverse people in terms of multiple, interactive factors, rather than a strictly cultural framework. Working with Dodo was a challenging experience which brought about many ethical dilemmas. Such dilemmas often centred around developing her personal autonomy in the context of her ethnic origin within the culture of dependency and interdependency that collective cultures proclaim. I often found myself reflecting on how any abrupt changes could damage her rather than benefit her as nonconformity to gender roles and stereotypes can have a devastating effect on females who may be stigmatized, ostracized or even â€Å"socially erased† in particular cultural contexts (Romero, 1985). I often pondered upon what in one culture could be beneficent would result in an act of malificance in a different cultural context. I strived to be faithful to my client, to move at her pace and to go to the places where she wanted to go in the process of counseling. I urged and empowered her to teach me her cultural norms, her traditions and the intricate fabric of her cultural network that I may unde rstand her internal conflicts when she started to grow in the understanding and appreciation of other cultures which valued women empowerment. African culture has a EthicalShow MoreRelatedEthics Paper Rough Draft : Group Dynamics2624 Words   |  11 Pagescompetent counselor is the ability and knowledge to integrate ethical codes into ones professional practice (Kocet, 2006). Therefore, this ethics paper will explore the topics of ethics as it is within groups as compared to ethics regarding individual counseling. Ethical decisions are those pertaining to the overarching moral principles, such as doing good for others which is termed beneficence and to do no harm which is no maleficence in ethical terms (Rapin, 2004). 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There are many dilemmas to be faced but doing what is right for right s sake, rather than through fear of accountability, is the foundation of moral development. Other moral qualities such as truth, honesty and a sense of responsibility will grow from this as a natural extension. Church schools can then truly affirm that moral development is based on Christian beliefs and ethical principles. Moral Development across the curriculum It is veryRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesââ€"  PAGE NUMBER IN THE BOOK 605 608 619 625 629 652 662 667 677 685 694 708 712 718 727 733 740 746 CASE Ministry of Sound – rapid growth but a questionable future in the music industry. Pharmaceutical Industry – global forces at work in the ethical pharmaceutical industry. TUI – competitive forces in the travel industry. HiFi – how can small players survive changing markets? Amazon (B) – latest developments in a successful dot.com. 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The Positive and Negative Effects of Mongol Practice and...

Ruta Malsky 11-26-11 Pd 6 The Positive and Negative effects of Mongol Practice and Belief The Mongol empire was the world’s largest empire. The Mongol’s practices and beliefs had both positive and negative effects. The large Mongolian empire promoted communication and diversity; however, despite this positive effect, the Mongolian empire housed the deaths of many innocent people. In addition to this, the Mongol empire fostered various religions, but enforced the same practices on everyone, no matter what religion they may follow; this brought order amongst the Mongolian empire. The Mongolian empire was, and still is to this day, the largest empire known to man (Doc 1). Under the Mongolians, communication was immensely improved†¦show more content†¦After the Mongols would sack a city, they would drive out the city’s citizens and chop off their heads, and after the heads were they would sort the heads into piles: one for men, one for women, and then one for children (Doc 4). In so me cases they even buried people alive upside-down (Doc 5)! However, this document, document 5, may be biased. This document came from a Persian manuscript, so the Persians could have over exaggerated the strictness of the Mongols and portrayed them as wicked people. It is very possible that the Persians could have does this especially if they despised the Mongols for taking over their land. Very few people survived, if any were to have survived, then the survivors were most likely artisans or slaves, since the Mongols sought them out before they began to murder the city’s inhabitants with an axe (Doc 3). However, inhabitants of cities were not the only ones who suffered assassination; soldiers of the Mongolian army suffered manslaughter as well. In the Mongolian army there was a captain who oversaw ten soldiers, then there was a captain supervised one hundred soldiers, and so on (Doc.2). If a few men out of a group of ten were to run away, then all of the ten men would be p ut to death (Doc 2). Same applies to men in a group of one hundred; if ten men were to flee from a group of one hundred, then every man, from that group of one hundred men, would beShow MoreRelatedInfluence Of Science And Religion1564 Words   |  7 Pages1. Q) Compare and contrast the influence of science and religion in the development of humanity. Discuss both the positive and the negative. A) The systematic testing of observations, and the belief of something larger than ourselves, have been part of the human experience since time began. Both science and religion have influenced human thought and civilization. When a question could not be answered by time and observation, people fell back on spiritual explanationsRead MoreThe Plague Of The Black Death1798 Words   |  8 Pagesthe European population was affected in both positive and negative ways. 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Bertha K. Baum Free Essays

Dear (insert title and name of manager here), Thank you for taking the time to discuss the Insert Job title position at Insert Company Name with me. After meeting with you I am further convinced that my background and skills coincide with your needs. I really appreciate the time you took to acquaint me with the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Bertha K. Baum or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is no wonder that Insert Company Name retains its employees for so long. I feel I could learn a great deal from you and would certainly enjoy working with you. In addition to my qualifications and experience, I will bring excellent work habits and judgment to this position. With the countless demands on your time, I am sure that you require people who can be trusted to carry out their responsibilities with minimum supervision. I look forward, Insert Name of manager here, to hearing from you concerning your hiring decision. Again, thank you for your time and Consideration. Sincerely, Bertha K. Baum How to cite Bertha K. Baum, Papers

Case Study Project Management For Data Warehouse Development Project

Question: Discuss about the case study Project Management for Data Warehouse Development Project. Answer: Project Integration Management Project Charter The project deals with developing and establishing a multidimensional, multilevel data warehouse on Microsoft 2012 SQL Server Platform. The project will also ensure the security of the files in the warehouse along with the validation of the data stored. Furthermore, the reviewing of the errors in ETL processes and training of the staffs for using the warehouse also include within the project deliverables. Project Title Establishing new data warehouse capability within the existing SST IT infrastructure Project Location Southern State TAFE Brief Description of the Project The project Establishment of a new warehouse aims to ensure the cross application production reporting capability. The undertaken project will encompass data warehouse provision, dashboard production and will provide reporting capability of the BI portal. Prepared By [Name of the Student] Date [Mention Date] Version 1.0 Scope Statement An efficient project scope statement in the project management plan allows in identifying the detailed scope of the undertaken project along with constraints required for the project. In this particular project, the scope is mainly based on enhancing the performance of the organization by bringing a large number of changes in the systems and frameworks. These are mainly targeted by using more efficient working database and warehouse systems and other technical changes. Management of Project Scope, Execution Control, Change Management As there are many scopes in a project, management of each scope is needed. For this, the actual scopes of this project and the out of scope parts are to be determined. Scope of the Project Following are the in scope of the project. To develop a multi-dimensional database of the warehouse based on Microsoft 2012 SQL Server Platform To develop a SharePoint site for using the Business Intelligence Portal To implement a data load and file transfer mechanism according to the SST infrastructure standards To develop a security model for BI portal and data warehouse that provide a conjunction along with Active Directory Groups To define the Key Performance Indicators (KPI) along with the Balance Score card To create a link between the BI Portal and SST intranet To train the SST staff for using the data warehouse and BI portal Out of Scope The following will be excluded in the project. To link any other system with the data warehouse To create the data extraction from any other systems Project Execution and Control The project will be executed according to the plan blueprint. The plan blueprint will be developed following the work breakdown structure as follows: Figure: Work Breakdown Structure (Source: Created by Author) Change Management Previously, an estimated task schedule was provided for the required project plan. However, after analysis with the actual project scenario and using latest technical equipments, several changes will be made in that table as follows: Task Name Duration Data Warehouse Development and Installation Project 375 days Project Initiation Phase 6 days Understanding the Requirement 2 days Conducting feasibility test 2 days Developing the project charter 2 days Project Planning Phase 39 days Develop project plan 15 days Create project scheduling 5 days Create resource allocation 5 days Developing communication plan 4 days Forming the team 10 days Execution phase 285 days Development of Data Warehouse 103 days Develop the architecture 30 days Collect the data from various sources 5 days Develop the multidimensional cube of the warehouse 20 days Develop the blueprint of hardware system 10 days Develop the system design of Business Intelligence Portal 23 days Design the User Interface of the system 15 days Implementation phase 87 days Hardware implementation 20 days Designing the database 20 days Software implementation of the data warehouse system 15 days Development of the SharePoint site 10 days Connecting the Business Intelligence Portal and data warehouse 15 days Connecting the warehouse with another system 7 days Deployment and Testing Phase 95 days testing the architecture design 15 days software testing 20 days data validation testing 10 days security testing 15 days unit testing 5 days Risk identification and mitigation 30 days closing phase 45 days creating the link to BI portal and SST intranet 10 days training of the staffs 20 days maintenance of the warehouse 15 days [The ones marked in yellow have been changed] Management of changes will be needed as some of the tasks will need lesser time due to use of technology instead of manual work and some will take greater time as more emphasis are to be put into the tasks. Project Quality Management Planning This project will have a number of phases that must be conducted one after the order in order to complete all of them with success. The order and type of tasks will be as follows: Task No Task Name 1 Data Warehouse Development and Installation Project 1.1 Project Initiation Phase 1.1.1 Understanding the Requirement 1.1.2 Conducting feasibility test 1.1.3 Developing the project charter 1.2 Project Planning Phase 1.2.1 Develop project plan 1.2.2 Create project scheduling 1.2.3 Create resource allocation 1.2.4 Developing communication plan 1.2.5 Forming the team 1.3 Execution phase 1.3.1 Development of Data Warehouse 1.3.1.1 Develop the architecture 1.3.1.2 Collect the data from various sources 1.3.1.3 Develop the multidimensional cube of the warehouse 1.3.1.4 Develop the blueprint of hardware system 1.3.1.5 Develop the system design of Business Intelligence Portal 1.3.1.6 Design the User Interface of the system 1.3.2 Implementation phase 1.3.2.1 Hardware implementation 1.3.2.2 Designing the database 1.3.2.3 Software implementation of the data warehouse system 1.3.2.4 Development of the SharePoint site 1.3.2.5 Connecting the Business Intelligence Portal and data warehouse 1.3.2.6 Connecting the warehouse with another system 1.3.3 Deployment and Testing Phase 1.3.3.1 Testing the architecture design 1.3.3.2 Software testing 1.3.3.3 Data validation testing 1.3.3.4 Security testing 1.3.3.5 Unit testing 1.3.3.6 Risk identification and mitigation 1.4 closing phase 1.4.1 Creating a link to BI portal and SST intranet 1.4.2 Training of the staffs 1.4.3 Maintenance of the warehouse Control The project will be controlled as per the planning made for the scheduling. Each of the tasks will be done one after another to execute the project effectively. Configuration Management The systems will be configured according to the requirements once the project starts. Latest technical configurations and best possible equipments will be used for the project. Human Resource Management HR Planning For this project, HR planning is necessary for recruitment of the stakeholders that are not available inside the organization. The following will be the duties of the HR team in this project. HR Department Duty Examination Team To test the stakeholder candidates for possible selection Recruitment Team To recruit candidates according to the test results and recruitment guidelines Management Team To manage the employees and delegate the tasks in the project Program Handling Team To handle the project according to plan Resource Management Team To manage allocated resources according to the requirements of the project Employee Concern Team To manage and address concerns of the employees Procurement Team To procure necessary resources after allocation Organisational Chart/s Role of the Project Manager and Project Team The role of a project manager is huge. He has the duty of managing the whole project in the right direction. In this project, the role of the project manager will be the following: Managing the Project The project manager will manage the project according to the requirements. After analysis of all the requirements, the research team will send a report to the project manager. He will analyse this report and financial statement and will decide the direction of the project. Resource Allocation After analysing the project requirements, the manager will analyse financial statement and available resources. He will then allocate resources in each field of the project. Employee Management The project manager will delegate tasks to the employees according to their specializations. He has to ensure that every employee completes their jobs effectively and efficiently. Analysis of Project Reports The project manager will analyse the regular project reports sent to him to judge the progress of the project. He will then decide the future and the direction of the project. The project team is responsible for conducting the project according to requirements. The following are the duties of the project team. Project Operations The project team will be responsible for conducting the project according to the requirements. The team has to ensure that all the operations are being conducted according to the project plan. Resource Management The project team will manage resources allocated to them according to the requirements. They have to ensure the resources are spent in such a way that no extra expenses are encountered during the project. Preparation and Sending of Project Reports The project team should prepare and send regular project reports to the manager so that he is able to track the progress of the project. Resources The estimated resources for this project are as follows: Task Resource Estimated Cost Feasibility Test Testing Softwares, Automated Analysis Tools $1000 Employee/Expert Recruitment Specialized Experts $15000 Architecture Development Architecture Softwares, Latest Computer Systems $5000 + $20000 Data Collection Internet Tools $1000 Development of Blueprint, Intelligence Portal, User Interface Design Softwares $10000 Implementation of Architecture, Hardware, Blueprints, Designs Technically Upgraded Systems $10000 Testing (Software, Unit, Design, Security) Testing Softwares $2000 Staff Training Specialized Trainers $10000 Project Communications Management Communications Plan The following communication plan may be followed. Vehicle Description Purpose Frequency Owner / Stakeholder Internal/ External Comments/ Distribution List Project Report, Financial Report The sponsors will check the reports and will decide on future investment. Quarterly Project Sponsors External Future Investment Policy Future Service Details Future service details will encourage more customers to come to the organization. Weekly Customers External Use of Service, Feedback Project Report Project Manager will decide the direction of the project based on the project report. Weekly / Biweekly Project Manager Internal Leading and managing of the project, project guidelines Project Progress Report Internal customers will understand the upgraded services. Monthly Internal Customer Internal Feedback Tests Schedule They will prepare the systems and make backups for the existing systems. Daily SST Staffs Internal System Quality Report Test Results They will further enhance the codes and designs. Daily Tester, Developers, Coder Internal Quality Report Trainee Progress Report Training team provides efficient training to the employees and staffs for using the data warehouse for storing and retrieving files. Daily Training Team Internal Updated Progress Reports Financial and Protection Statements Insurance company will be providing effort in regulatory and licensing business and data protection act. Monthly Insurance Company External Funds Reports Security Information and Threat Reports They will be responsible for maintaining the security of data both from internal and external parties. Daily Security Team Internal Security Reports Data Reports They are responsible for maintaining and administrating the data, and authentication the users Biweekly SST Administrator Internal Authentication Reports Suitable Medium/s Channels The communication media according to stakeholders are as follows: Stakeholder Communication Medium Project Sponsors Phone calls, formal mails, fax Customers Advertisements Project Manager Face-to-face, phone calls, formal mails Internal Customer Leaflets SST Staffs Face-to-face Tester, Developers, Coder Face-to-face Training Team Face-to-face (Interactive) Insurance Company Mails, fax Security Team Face-to-face SST Administrator Mails, chats Project Procurement Management 400 Processes to Support Project Procurement Background In this particular project, procurement is necessary for assimilating all the necessary resources and using them effectively to proceed with the project according to the plan. Procurement will be necessary for technical equipments and employees / personnel. Scope Procurement of resources (technical or human) will help the company in the upgradation as well as expansion. Contract Commencement Date The contracts will commence from the start of the project (at least few days prior to the start of actual operations. Number of Contractors The number of contractors will depend on the decision of the company on the ground of outsourcing. However, the number should not exceed a limit such that the company is forced to overspend in the project. Contract Terms The contract terms should favour both the contractor and the company. The contractor should be to benefit from the terms and the company should not overspend due to the terms. Funding The company should provide sufficient funding. But the company must not overspend. Estimated Contract Value The estimated total contract value is $100,000. General Conditions The general conditions will be following: The contractor should not break the terms of the contract unless mutually agreed. The company holds the right to terminate any contract anytime. The contractor will not be responsible for any effect of the fault from the companys part. Approval to Proceed The final approval for proceeding will be given by the project manager. Outsourcing In this project, there are several tasks that cannot be done by the internal employees of the organization only. Hence, outsourcing is needed in order to hire outsiders in this project. A simple outsourcing plan has been provided as below. Project Task Outsourcing Plan Valuation of Assets Hiring of Insurance Company Employee Training Hiring of external and expert trainers System Security Checks (Advanced Level) Use of external security experts Marketing and Promotion Use of an advertisement agency Planning Purchases and Acquisitions A purchase plan for the company along with estimated budget is provided below. Asset / Requirement Estimated Budget Updated Hardware Systems $100,000 Latest Versions of Softwares $50,000 System Equipments $20,000 Others $25,000 Bibliography Caldern, A. and Ruiz, M., 2014. Bringing Real-life Practice in Software Project Management Training Through a Simulation-based Serious Game. InCSEDU (2)(pp. 117-124). Hughes, R., 2012.Agile Data Warehousing Project Management: Business Intelligence Systems Using Scrum. Newnes. Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Leach, L.P., 2014.Critical chain project management. Artech House. Marchewka, J.T., 2014.Information technology project management. John Wiley Sons. Menzies, T., Brady, A., Keung, J., Hihn, J., Williams, S., El-Rawas, O., Green, P. and Boehm, B., 2013. Learning project management decisions: a case study with case-based reasoning versus data farming.IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,39(12), pp.1698-1713. Mir, F.A. and Pinnington, A.H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International Journal of Project Management,32(2), pp.202-217. Nagarajan, R., Joseph, A.V. and Sujatha, S., 2015. Behavioural Aspects of Software Project Management-In-House Software Development.Indian Journal of Science and Technology,8(S3), pp.1-9. OConnor, R.V. and Laporte, C.Y., 2012, June. Software project management in very small entities with ISO/IEC 29110. InEuropean Conference on Software Process Improvement(pp. 330-341). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Reiss, G., 2013.Project management demystified: Today's tools and techniques. Routledge. Ryerson, M.S. and Woodburn, A., 2016. Manage Flight Demand or Build Airport Capacity?.ACCESS Magazine,1(48). Sen, A., Ramamurthy, K. and Sinha, A.P., 2012. A model of data warehousing process maturity.IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,38(2), pp.336-353. Sun, Y. and Schonfeld, P., 2015. Stochastic capacity expansion models for airport facilities.Transportation Research Part B: Methodological,80, pp.1-18. Teller, J., Unger, B.N., Kock, A. and Gemnden, H.G., 2012. Formalization of project portfolio management: The moderating role of project portfolio complexity.International Journal of Project Management,30(5), pp.596-607. Trendowicz, A. and Jeffery, R., 2014.Software project effort estimation: Foundations and best practice guidelines for success. Springer. Varajo, J., Dominguez, C., Ribeiro, P.M.G.D.A. and Paiva, A., 2014. Failures in software project managementare we alone? A comparison with construction industry.International journal of modern project management,2(1), pp.22-27.

Sample Personal Statement Essay Example

Sample Personal Statement Essay As an undergraduate student at the University of New Mexico I have become increasingly aware of the complex network problems that I face as a citizen of the world. I have also realized the progress and success that I enjoy in the same capacity as the frontiers of medicine, technology and communication continue to expand. My desire to participate in the resolution of those problems and in the further expansion of those frontiers had inspired me to seek a degree in biology and entrance into a School of Dentistry. I intend to successfully complete program of dentistry and further my specialization in the area of endodontics. Upon completion of my degree programs I would like to return to the southwest region of the country to make my services available to the underserved population of the area. I would also like to spend some time serving the populations of Central and South America where I could gain invaluable experience and provide the much needed services of a specialist. My desire to enter the field of dentistry has grown as I’ve participated with professional oral health care providers in the field and observed a wide range of procedures. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Personal Statement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Personal Statement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Personal Statement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer My interest in dentistry began early on as I was involved in orthodontics for eight years before undergoing corrective jaw surgery. I gained a deep appreciation and understanding of what people in need of such services are experiencing, as well as a great respect and admiration for the professionals of that field. Through the practice of dentistry I desire to have a positive supportive impact on the lives of those I serve, as I experienced in my own life through my oral healthcare providers. I also desire to be a respected, contributing member of the community, and I feel that the field of dentistry will afford me such opportunities as I participate in it. I will be successful in dental school because of my dedication to the pursuit of academic excellence and my desire to succeed. I have gained experience in public speaking through my various service and academic activities and enjoy meeting and dealing with people, which will serve me in dental school and as a professional healthcare provider. I have increased my fine motor skills and manual dexterity through my study of guitar, which will also aide me in pursuit of a DDS degree. My service as a missionary in Mexico gave me a better understanding of the world and of life as I worked with people in many different situations. I struggled and succeeded in my search for ways to serve and help people in a language, land and culture that was not my own. Those experiences have given me needed skills and attributes to become a successful servant of the community and participant in the dental community. I have repeatedly shown my determination in the environment of the university as I have faced and conquered challenges. I was able to successfully return to the university after my two-year absence and have been successful each semester since in maintaining my scholarship. I have maintain my academic standing as I take full loads of course work and hold employment outside of class as well as sustain my family. I feel that I have been able to accomplish this because of the balance I seek as I participate in the academic, spiritual, social and family spheres of my life. Essay # 2 Author Accepted for 2006 Entering Class The smell alone used to make me nauseous. I could barely get through the front door before I would feel the hair at the base of my neck stand on end. I would sit uncomfortably in the waiting room chairs praying that my mom would have a change of heart to take me back home. This was the scene each and every time I had a dental appointment. Needless to say, I feared the dentist. My memories of the dentist are not highlighted with visits to the treasure box or the joy of picking out a new toothbrush. By the time I reached this part of the dental visit, I wanted nothing to do with anything that would keep me in the office even a second more. My first exposure to dentistry, out of the chair, came when I began babysitting for a dentist. He worked on the weekends, and his daughter and I would tag along. Initially I stayed as far away from the dentist chair as possible, but later, I became curious, and gradually observant. By the time I reached high school, I was intrigued by every aspect of dentistry. The procedures quickly turned from one of torment into something more familiar. Coming from a family of engineers and contractors, I recognized the doctor’s instruments because they were similar to tools I had grown up watching my father use. I began to think of dentistry as performing small scale construction in a small hole. Performing such intricate procedures while simultaneously utilizing my mind and hands both excited me and complimented my detail attentive personality. Since my interest first peaked, I have continued towards my goal to become a dentist, not only through high academic achievement, but with life experience. I obtained my dental radiography license and worked as a dental assistant during high school and was provided with the opportunity to observe a variety of dental procedures. I also gained exposure to the additional responsibilities of a dental professional ranging from the billing process to dealing with insurance companies. I got a glimpse of the organizational skills necessary to run a small business. I continued gaining experiences upon entering college by volunteering at a dental clinic that provides free services to the homeless. My service at this clinic has strengthened my desire to become a dentist. Volunteering at the homeless dental clinic has taught me the importance of dental hygiene and how it can affect every aspect of a person’s life. Most of the homeless patients have neglected their teeth for years, and realize that they need help. It is an amazing experience to watch the transformation in a person as their teeth are fixed. For most patients, it is a long process, and their self esteem visibly increases with each visit. By the end of the treatment, some finally have the confidence to get a job, and may return to let us know of their new found success. The personal contact incorporated with dentistry is appealing as it provides the opportunity to interact with individuals of diverse ages, cultures, and backgrounds. As a student and an employee I have to realize the importance of integrity, responsibility, and hard-work. I know that in order to earn the respect and trust of my patients, I must be dependable, energetic, and professional. I must have the confidence to take on the role of authority, while as the same time be willing to follow the lead of someone else if necessary. I have equipped myself with these necessary traits to be a successful dental student and professional through my classes, employment, and extracurricular activities. Working as an administrative assistance has equipped me with communication skills, and has taught me how to efficiently organize my time. Conversing with children with a mental illness while working as a mental health technician has built my character by improving my patience and revealing the traits necessary to earn the trust of others. Leading my university’s pre-dental society as president has taught me leadership skills and how to organize a group to work together. As a native New Mexican, I realize the states vast need for dental health care professionals, and would like to contribute by returning to the state after completion of my dental degree. Becoming a dentist has been my desire throughout both high school and college, and I have worked at becoming a well-round, educated, and experienced individual to achieve this goal. I have developed a strong work ethic, which, when combined with my choice of dentistry as a profession, has been greatly enhanced by the opportunities that I have had to work in this field. I firmly believe that I have built a foundation from with I will move forward to earn my dental degree. I am determined to success, and ready to begin this challenge. Essay # 3 Author Accepted for 2006 Entering Class I can vividly recall my grandfather opening his tool shed in hopes of inspiring his five year-old grandson to create something beautiful out of pieces of wood that were old and otherwise discarded. A passion for intricate artwork has seemingly always been a part of my life. Whether it is throwing a pot on a wheel or tying flies to mimic aquatic insects for the art of fly fishing, I have always loved to create pieces of art with my hands. A true love for intricate artistic work is a necessary and an essential characteristic of a dentist. I have devoted five years to playing guitar, and it has become part of my everyday life. Great manual dexterity is required to play the guitar, and this manual dexterity bears a direct correlation to dentistry. When trying to undertake a new musical piece, the initial excitement overwhelms me and accomplishing a beautiful musical piece provides great satisfaction. Similarly, in dentistry, when a patient has a problem, the dentist will assess and treat the individual. On many occasions, I have found that the dentist is eager to start the procedure and pleased with the work and the well being of the patient. It is my belief that dentists hands not only have the power to grasp the world but the power to change it. I feel that dentistry will afford me with the opportunity to do something I love, working with my hands. The manual dexterity involved in dentistry is only a fraction of what makes the profession wonderful. To a further extent, a dentist must have a humanistic instinct to provide care to others. As a college freshman, I volunteered every weekday of my summer as a literacy leader for Americorps. While volunteering as a literacy leader 40 hours a week at Cesar Chavez Community Center, I had the privilege of mentoring and teaching young boys how to read. Spanish happened to be the childrens first language and overcoming the language barrier became easier as I immersed myself deeper into the language. Teaching these children allowed me to develop a greater understanding of people and a trusting and caring relationship with each child. For the past three years, I have been part of Healthy Smiles, Special Smiles, and Give Kids A Smile Day. These three volunteer events give opportunities for the entire dental community to work together for the sake of childrens dental healthcare and I have established that this is important to me and my character. I have had many memorable experiences from these volunteer events and they have all taught me how to be kind, gentle, and comforting to the patients. I look forward to dedicating my time to such volunteer events as a dentist. In addition to these volunteer events, I also enjoy participating in extracurricular activities such as running, lifting weights, snowboarding, reading, and fly-fishing. All of these activities help me cope with stress and give me time to see where I fit in this world. For the past year, I have been working at Starbucks as a Barista. This job has shown me people from all walks of life and has given me a better understanding of people. Many people who come into Starbucks are fascinating and I enjoy learning about their lives. The social skills obtained from this job are an invaluable asset to my character. One of my greatest accomplishments has been being an active member of the Pre-Dental Society for my entire career at the University of New Mexico. It was my pleasure to be the Vice President of the Pre-Dental Society for the past year. I am currently the President of the Pre-Dental Society and look forward to the upcoming year. These two leadership positions have enriched my public speaking ability and given me the confidence to articulate my ideas clearly. Extracurricular activities give you a time to reflect on the type of person you are and the merit of your character and this, too, is important to me. These extracurricular activities have refined me as a person and given me new and satisfying experiences. There is something unique about dentistry that draws you in the more you immerse yourself into the profession. Maybe it is the dedication to excellence or the altruism that gives you a sense of belonging. Regardless of what brought me to dentistry, I am here to stay because it is where I belong. Essay # 4 Author Accepted for 2006 Entering Class. Activities that challenged my curious mind such as solving crossword puzzles and riddles thrilled me as a child, and my love for challenges expanded into other areas as I grew older. I began playing musical instruments at the age of six, beginning with the piano and ultimately moving on to the clarinet, which I have played for the past 9 years. The clarinet allowed me to achieve greater manual dexterity through countless hours of practice, as I have trained my hands to move carefully and precisely. There is no greater feeling than that of having mastered the fingering for a particularly difficult musical piece. Similarly, it will be necessary as a dentist to devote many hours perfecting the techniques essential for providing high-quality oral healthcare and I will feel great satisfaction in doing so. Not only should good dentists acquire great manual dexterity, but they should also have excellent hand-eye coordination. While helping a PhD student conduct research using Drosophila flies, I was required to manipulate the small specimen to identify their species, sex, and size. This experience permitted me the opportunity to improve on the eye-hand coordination skills that are crucial for good dentistry. The challenges I will confront throughout my course in dental school do not daunt me, but motivate me. It has always been exciting for me to take problems and solve them using my mind and my hands. Not only has the technical difficulty of playing an instrument satisfied me, but also the sheer beauty of the art form. Music has the ability to impact the emotions of people. I see a similar opportunity in dentistry to bring joy and happiness to peoples lives. By providing a person with the appropriate treatment, a person who has a low self-esteem due to untreated dental problems can be transformed into a person who has self-confidence. As a child, I had a terrible overbite and was in dire need of an orthodontist. The result of braces was more than a corrected bite. It yielded a higher self-esteem and a greater sense of self-confidence in me. I would like to provide others with the chance to have this same experience. Shadowing in many different dental offices allowed me to realize that all forms of dentistry can have this effect on patients, whether it was crowns from a general dentist or a set of dentures from a prosthodontist. Helping people psychologically is an additional result of what is most important, which is taking care of the patients overall oral health. One of the most influential moments that lead me to pursue a career in dentistry was the day a UNM Pre-Dental Society guest speaker discussed the underserved communities in New Mexico. I was astonished to learn that all but a few counties are in dire need of dentists. From that day forward I made it my personal goal to become a dentist so that I could help the people of New Mexico. Helping people has always been a part of my life. I have always enjoyed helping classmates with schoolwork as well as spending many hours teaching my younger sisters. In the past year, I was employed as a Biology/Chemistry tutor, which allowed me to help other students succeed. I have also been able to help others through community service and volunteer work such as annual clothing donations to homeless shelters, participating in volunteer events such as Making Strides Against Breast Cancer walk, Give Kids a Smile and Special Olympics Special Smiles. These events helped me to realize that I want to continue helping people in the future. Being elected Historian of the UNM Pre-Dental Society gives me yet another way to help other students, now in their pursuit of a dental career. I would like to have the opportunity to continue helping others through dentistry. The desire to help people was instilled in me by my family. They have always encouraged me to work hard and praised me for my accomplishments. As the first person in my family who will graduate from college, I can understand the importance of family encouragement in having accomplished this goal. In the future I would like to have my own family, providing the same encouragement I was so fortunate to have as a child. I will be successful in dental school because I possess perseverance. Being determined and persistent has helped me overcome many obstacles in the paths towards many goals in my life, and these attributes will prove just as beneficial in my pursuit of a dental career. Essay # 5 Author Accepted for 2006 Entering Class My name is â€Å"name of author. † I am twenty-four years old and have graduated from the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque. My studies were concentrated on Biology as my major, and Spanish as my minor. I was adopted from South Korea when I was seven months old. My family and I resided in Milwaukee, Wisconsin until I was four, then Chicago, Illinois until I was twelve. After that we lived in Glendive, Montana. I have a unique perspective of lifestyles and culture due to the diversity of the places that have shaped me and helped me become who I am today and they have defined what I want to pursue professionally, which is Dentistry. I have come to understand the importance of comparative and contrasting qualities. In Chicago, the city was the hub of civilization and in Montana the citizens relied on and lived for the land and cattle. Presently, in Albuquerque, I have come to love and appreciate the Southwest style and diverse culture. Everywhere that I have lived and traveled has taught me something new and offered irreplaceable life experiences. I chose the University of New Mexico because I wanted to be far enough away from home to be independent, and also because they offered majors in biology and dance. I was on the UNM dance team for three years. Throughout college my interests have expanded which is why I now still study Spanish as well as biology. After attending an exchange program to Trujillo, Spain, I plan to utilize the Spanish language in the dental practice. I have come to respect and love the now-thriving language in America. I plan to educate and assist people in upholding a condition of well being of every ethnicity and background. I am constantly seeking new experiences as well as responsibility and have been a resident advisor for two years and then a Student Head Resident for one year. This is my second year that I am an Area Coordinator in the residence halls. Working directly with student, faculty, staff, and peers, I know I thrive to work directly with many people in a personal setting. With the responsibilities of these occupations, I have also learned many managerial skills, which are applicable to the dental field. My family is an important aspect of my life. Since I am adopted I have learned that the value of a family is measured in love, not in bloodlines. My family has supported me in everything that I do, especially now as I apply to dental school. They have taught me trust, responsibility, respect, determination, honesty, and of course, love. With these attributes and the support from my family, I am confident in myself to further broaden and excel in the pursuit for an education in dentistry. I have been involved in a variety of activities throughout my life. These experiences have helped me to define who I am as a person and where I fit into society. Trying different activities has broadened my horizons and raised the expectation for myself. They have taught me how to learn and attempt to strive for my ultimate best. They have also taught me that trying new things is constantly a good lesson to remember throughout my life. The most important thing that I have taken from these different activities is the ability to narrow and define exactly what it is that I want to do with my life, which is working in the dental field. I started thinking about career choices while attending college; and while I have always had a passion for biology and the fact that it is the study of life, I have not had a desire to be a dentist since I was little. From my love for biology derived my compassion and drive to improve the quality of life for others. Having worked with people all my life, there is nothing I would rather do. The field of dentistry gives hope, confidence, and health to others. I want to give back to the community my erudition to better the lives for individuals and families in sustaining a soundness of body and mind. I am determined to do whatever it takes to excel in the field of Dentistry. Essay # 6 Author Accepted for 2007 Entering Class He gave me something valuable, something I could not have done for myself. That is how I felt each time I left my dentist’s office as a teenager. I wondered how the dentist must feel on the giving side of the relationship and I hoped to one day be in a profession that would allow me to help people daily in such a tangible way. As I matured and became more serious about choosing a profession during my college career, I realized that dentistry is exactly what I want to do with my life. In my preparation for a dental career, I have spent many hours observing this same dentist who inspired me years ago as he helps others maintain their dental and overall health. I clearly see the satisfaction that can be achieved by practicing dentistry. I have also been able to observe all the nine dental specialties (except radiology and pathology) seeing a wide variety of dental procedures ranging from simple fillings to more technical gingival grafts, osseous regeneration surgery, apicoectomy, veneer smile makeovers, etc. The more I see, the more eager I become to actively participate in such an exciting profession. Success in the dental field requires dedication, compassion, and the ability to work intimately and effectively with people. I am well prepared to take on this challenge. I have worked as a corporate trainer for a 500-employee quick-lube franchise in the Southwest for the past three years while completing a Bachelor of Business degree at the University of New Mexico. My professional experience continuously hones my interpersonal communication skills, public speaking skills, and leadership as I help manage a business and educate hundreds of people. As a corporate trainer, I have become more self-motivated, organized, and detail-oriented through being responsible for designing company training programs, modifying company policies, and teaching new skills to managers and employees alike. I have also developed further dedication and commitment working to provide for a family while attending classes full time and participating in other extracurricular activities. Dentists frequently tell me that managing a practice is one of the activities they struggle with the most. My business background and strong interpersonal skills will enhance my ability to succeed in dentistry. I am serving as the Vice President of the New Mexico Pre-dental Society this coming year where I can use these skills to help New Mexico produce more dentists and reduce the state’s immense shortage. As a dentist I would like to be actively involved in advancing the profession and promoting improved oral health in my underserved state and our nation. My professional experience provides a strong foundation to achieve these goals. I spent two years living in remote areas of Brazil serving an ecclesiastical mission and learning to read, write, and speak fluent Portuguese. In Brazil I witnessed the great suffering caused by poor oral health. So many teenagers had mouths full of decayed permanent teeth, which must have caused great pain and loss of self esteem. They did not even have a way to get these teeth safely extracted. Access to dental care and proper oral hygiene education could have prevented nearly all these problems. I hope to someday participate in humanitarian health care programs in Brazil and I also know that there are far too many Americans with limited access to care. I plan to serve in one of the smaller towns of New Mexico to help alleviate this great need. For the past three years I have volunteered for a program called Taxhelp New Mexico where I did free tax preparation for low income and elderly families. I love working with people and enjoy the opportunity to teach them ways to save money on taxes. They leave so grateful and I get that same feeling that I gave them something valuable they could not do for themselves. I greatly enjoy teaching others and have already started to ponder ways to educate and motivate patients to better maintain their oral health. These, and many other events, have kindled my aspirations to become a dentist and have prepared me to be successful during and after dental school. Dentistry is a perfect way to combine my affinity for business, my passion for learning the biological sciences, and my desire to teach and serve others. I am anxious to achieve my goals and consider it a privilege to be starting a career in a field that is so respectable and that gives back so much to our communities.

Minimum Wage in the United States Essay Essay Example

Minimum Wage in the United States Essay Essay Example Minimum Wage in the United States Essay Essay Minimum Wage in the United States Essay Essay A minimal pay is the lowest hourly. day-to-day. or monthly pay that employers may lawfully pay to employees or workers. The argument over minimal pay in the United States has been ongoing for over 100 old ages. It is a hot subject in labour. human involvement. and particularly in economic sciences. Is the minimal pay excessively low? Is it excessively high? Should we hold one at all? Does holding a minimal legal pay aid those who it is intended to assist. or does it really do them worse off? Thesiss inquiries are asked on a day-to-day footing by interested parties. While there may non be one unequivocal correct reply. there are obliging statements on both sides of the issue. and those who represent their â€Å"side† are passionate about their sentiments. This is one of a few societal subjects about which people are by and large non apathetic. Much of the grownup work force in the United States has worked a minimal pay occupation at some point in their calling. so we can easy associate to the challenges that face today’s minimal pay workers. This paper is non intended to work out the argument over minimal pay. nor will it try to carry the reader in one way or the other sing what should be done refering minimal pay. The pages that follow will show a brief history of the minimal pay argument in the United States. and so show some of the statements offered by both sides of the argument. A Brief History of Minimum Wage Although New Zealand was the first state to officially ordain minimal pay statute law in 1896. [ one ] the United States was one of the first major industrialized states to put a national pay floor for their workers. For decennaries during the industrial revolution. workers in the United States endured work environments that consisted of long hours. unsafe working conditions. and low rewards. Small motions to develop a national lower limit pay by labour brotherhoods and militant groups were met with predictable opposition from concern people. and finally struck down by the U. S. Supreme Court. [ two ] Finally. in 1938 President Roosevelt and Congress passed the Fair Labor Standards Act. This act was intended to relieve some of the hapless on the job conditions that largely adult females and immature kids were capable to. Additionally. this act imposed a federally mandated minimal pay of $ 0. 25 per hr. with some exclusions. [ three ] There have been subsequent pieces of statute law that continue to turn to and better workers’ rights since that clip. concentrating more on quality of life issues instead than extinguishing maltreatments by employers. Additionally. single provinces now have the right to ordain their ain minimal pay. so long as it is no lower than the federally mandated minimal pay. Since 1938. the national lower limit pay has been raised 21 times. most late in 2009. and is presently $ 7. 25 per hr. Today. more than 90 % of states in the universe have some kind of pay floor for their work force. [ four ] The Case for Minimum Wage Those in favour of a minimal pay argue that it increases the criterion of life of workers and reduces poorness. [ 5 ] Those workers that are paid minimal pay are unskilled labourers. possibly first come ining the occupation market. Without any marketable accomplishments. the worker needs some protection that they will be paid a just rate that will enable them to be self-sufficing until such clip that they have learned a accomplishment or trade that will let them to work their manner up from the low pay occupations. Without a minimal pay. employers would hold significantly more market power than the workers – a monopsony – and that could ensue in the knowing collusion between employers sing the pay they will offer. [ six ] Absent this protection. workers would be forced to accept the unnaturally low rewards. ensuing in a really low quality of life. Additionally. the statement can be made that paying a â€Å"livable† minimal pay incentivizes workers to non merely acquire a occupation. but to work hard to maintain that occupation. When minimal rewards are significantly greater than payments received through a societal public assistance system. people are rewarded for their difficult work. If a individual could have an sum near to what they would gain at lower limit pay through the public assistance system. what motive would they hold to work the minimal pay occupation? In contrast. if workers are paid an sum that is well more. they will happen and maintain work. This serves another intent. to diminish the cost of authorities administered societal public assistance plans by acquiring people off of public assistance and onto paysheets. Another common statement made by those in favour of the minimal pay is that it really helps to excite disbursement. bettering overall economic conditions. [ seven ] The theory behind this statement is that low pay earners typically spend everything they make. Whether on necessities or luxury points. minimal pay earners are likely to pass their full payroll check. If there were an addition in the minimal pay. the people who would have the wage addition would turn around and pass their new money. This would assist to cover the costs of the increased rewards as many concerns would see an about immediate return through increased gross revenues. While this statement seems to do sense. it must be clarified that no empirical grounds to back up this claim could be found. Another statement made is that an addition in minimal pay helps to better the work moral principle of those who receive the addition. The deduction is that if their employer is forced to give them a rise. they will be compelled to work harder to better their efficiency and increase their productiveness in return. Again. there is no grounds to either support or refute this claim. and sentiments run strong sing this statement. Possibly the most basic and most frequently made statement in support of a national lower limit pay jurisprudence is that it is merely the right thing to make. morally talking. The thought that we should desire to take attention of each other and do certain that everyone made a comfy pay is one of the most basic dogmas of the doctrine of those who support it. Arguments against Minimum Wage Laws: On the other side of the statement are those who are opposed to increasing the lower limit pay. every bit good as some who think it should be abolished wholly. Many business people and economic experts are on this side of the argument. and they present some reasonably compelling statements. They argue that enforcing an addition on the federally mandated minimal pay really will make more economic injury than good. [ eight ] The chief statement trades with the snap of demand sing employment. A minimal pay addition really reduces the measure demanded of workers. either through a decrease in the figure of hours worked by persons. or through a decrease in the figure of occupations. nine ] Simply put. employers are likely non traveling to increase their salary budget. so if the hourly rewards addition. so they must cut down the figure of hours of work that they are paying for. This could ensue in the exact opposite impact of that which is intended. Those gaining the minimal pay and are confronting decreased hours or even being let travel will happen themselves much worse off as a consequence of an addition than go forthing it at its current rate. Additionally. frequently the manner out of gaining minimal pay is through accomplishments learned through those minimal pay occupations. If there are fewer of these occupations as a consequence of the pay being higher. fewer people will be able to larn the accomplishments needed to travel up on a calling way and interrupt the rhythm of poorness. Second. if employers are unwilling or unable to cut down the figure of hours they pay their employees. they will merely try to do up the increased salary disbursal through increased monetary values. On a little graduated table. this may non hold a big impact on the overall economic system. When this is done on a big graduated table because many employers need to cover their increased costs. this is likely to take to rising prices. x ] Higher wages necessitate higher monetary values which will gnaw most if non all of the benefits of the addition in wage. The minimal pay workers will hold the same purchasing power as earlier. but because of unneeded rising prices. the lower in-between category will really confront the biggest impact because their rewards will non hold increased but their buying power will besides hold eroded. Another country that may be impacted by a mandated pay addition is developing. As most workers who earn the lower limit pay typically have small instruction and preparation. their biggest opportunity to work their manner into a higher paying occupation is through on the occupation preparation. One portion of an employer’s budget that could confront cuts would be for supplying preparation to employees. Often employers provide developing to their employees that would assist them progress in their calling. but may non be wholly necessary in their current place. Unnecessary disbursals such as this will most probably be trimmed. ensuing in fewer chances for the on the job hapless. [ eleven ] Possibly the simplest statement is if a minimal pay worker is bring forthing $ 4. 00 per hr worth of merchandise. and so the federal lower limit pay is raised to $ 5. 0. the employer must happen a manner to increase the workers fringy productiveness or face operating loses due to underproductive employees. One concluding idea from oppositions is that one time all of the aforesaid statements are considered. there are more effectual ways of assisting turn to the issue of poorness. The Earned Income Tax Credit is pointed to as a strong illustration of one of the more effectual thoughts. instead than seting the load of poorness on employers. it is shifted to the authorities. [ twelve ] Empirical Data: When sing both sides of this argument. it is of import to recognize who are the workers gaining minimal pay. and what function they have in supplying for their households. Of the 1. 9 million workers in the United States who were paid the lower limit pay in 2005 ( most recent information available ) . more than one half ( 53 % ) are between the ages of 16-24. These workers are most likely high school and college pupils. and most of them do non work a full clip agenda. Two tierces are members of households who have a combined income of at least 2 or more times the official poorness degree based on their household size. Less than 17 per centum are the lone pay earners in their households. and less than 6 per centum are hapless individual female parents. [ thirteen ] What does this information state us? The most of import thing is that an addition in the minimal pay would aim a bulk of people who may non be populating in poorness and are otherwise non in demand of direct aid. The far-reaching effects of raising minimal rewards across the board in order to acquire aid to the about 22 per centum of earners who are genuinely populating in poorness seems to be at the least uneffective. and at worst it could epresent a awful trip in economic policy. It is hard if non impossible to place the occupations lost because of minimal pay. but it is really easy to place the extra income for a minimal pay worker. This is frequently the first rejoinder from minimal pay advocators in response to statements made by the other side. Alison Wellington’s research found that a 10 % addition in the lower limit pay re sulted in a 0. 6 % lessening in adolescent employment. with no consequence on unemployment rates. [ fourteen ] A survey along the same lines by David Neumark and William Washer in 2008 found contrasting consequences. They concluded that lower limit pay resulted in a decrease in employment chances for low skilled workers. it was most harmful to destitute households. and that it lowers the grownup rewards of immature workers by cut downing their ultimate degree of instruction. [ fifteen ] There are infinite surveies on both sides of the issue. and each one merely solidifies each side in their existing sentiment. No affair what place one takes sing the minimal pay argument. there are a battalion of surveies available to back up it. The apparently obvious fact is that these little additions that are enacted every few old ages are neer plenty to truly do a difference in conveying a individual or a household out of poorness. A 50 cent addition in the minimal pay consequences in approximately $ 20 more per hebdomad for a full clip worker. In my appraisal. it is rather improbable that little sum is doing the difference in a individual or a household life in poorness and life comfortably. A survey of PhD members of the American Economic Association found that 46. % of respondents wanted minimal pay wholly eliminated while 37. 7 % want the minimal pay increased. [ sixteen ] Such division among even the most adept economic experts shows precisely how combative this issue is. and that there is no black and white. right or incorrect reply to work out the argument. Possibly as clip goes on and there is more historical informations to reexamine. there may be a more unequivocal reply sing this argument. Until such clip. bot h sides will most probably remain entrenched in their current place.

Magellan missionRadar sensing and image interpretation Essay

Magellan missionRadar sensing and image interpretation - Essay Example The Mission was named after Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese-born explorer in the sixteenth century, who led an expedition that first circumnavigated the Earth. The earlier radar missions to Venus provided planetary scientist a global map of the surface of the planet and were very valuable in understanding the geological structure of the planet. However it further revealed a need for "global radar data coverage" of the planet's surface in "orders-of magnitude higher resolution" (Ford 1). This need facilitated and provided motivation to determine the design and objectives of the Magellan mission. The main purposes of the Magellan Mission were to create a global radar map of the surface of Venus at higher resolution using the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and to determine the topographic relief of the planet. The end product of these four objectives shall be the classification of geographic and tectonic features of the surface like mountains, ridges, valleys, hills, and planes. Impact processes, lava flows, and other chemical processes will be explained and the internal density distribution of the planet will be modeled. The spacecraft design was economical and simple in relation to other spacecraft missions. In fact, the key components of the spacecraft were acquired from the spare hardware from other space programs including Voyager, Galileo, Viking, and Mariner. The spacecraft was 6.4 m long and with a mass of 3,449 kilograms. Included in the spacecraft were a single radar sensor, a large 3.7-m diameter parabolic High-Gain Antenna dish used for communication with Earth and a science instrument for radar imaging, solar panels about 9.2 m across to collect solar energy for charging the spacecraft's nickel-cadmium batteries and to power the spacecraft, three orthogonal reaction wheels used for pointing control, monopropellant hydrazine thruster system used to make adjustments of large scale orbital corrections. Subsystems included a medium-gain antenna, star scanner, on-board computer, coherent X- and S- band radio subsystem used for communication and gravity field experiments, and two tape recorders. Fig. 1. Labeled drawing of Magellan Spacecraft Key features of the Magellan spacecraft. Shown here are the different hardware and electronic subsystems of the spacecraft. (NASA) The Magellan spacecraft in the payload bay of the Space Shuttle Atlantis before its scheduled launch (Magellan Probe). Fig. 2. Magellan Spacecraft The Magellan Radar Sensor The radar sensor is a single science instrument in the spacecraft capable of acquiring data in three different modes or functions: SAR imaging mode,

The history of computer crimes Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The history of computer crimes - Term Paper Example In 1969, a student riot in Canadian school building resulted to damages totaling around $2 million. The students were protesting against a racist professor when their riots resulted to a fire breaking out and destroying computers and other university property. 97 students were arrested in the incident (Concordia University, 2008). In 1970, several computer crimes were reported. A bomb at the University of Wisconsin resulted to $16 million worth of computer damage; a Molotov cocktail bomb caused $1 million damage to the Fresno State College; and students at the New York University wanting to free a jailed Black Panther damaged computers by placing fire-bombs on top of the Atomic Energy Commission (Kabay, 2008). Computers were often damaged during the 1970s in order to make a statement; antiwar protests in Australia resulted to the shooting of an American firm’s computers; terrorists poured gasoline on a university’s computers and burned them; and a peace activist destroy ed a computer at the Vanderburg Air Base in California as a sign of protest against American military policies (Kabay, 2008). From 1970 to 1972, Albert the Saboteur created problems for the National Farmers Union Service Corporation of Denver. Albert enjoyed having the repair crews over every time the computer crashed. As a result, he deliberately caused the computers to crash about 50 times in the span of 2 years. He lived an isolated life as a night shift operator. He finally got company and human interaction because of the computer crashes, and he could not help but cause one crash after another just to have company (Kabay, 1996). In 1970, Jerry Schneider posed as a PT&T employee and ordered $30,000 worth of equipment from PT&T. He retrieved PT&T computer printouts from dumpsters. He was later able to collect detailed information on various procedures in the company and as a result was able to successfully steal $1 million worth of equipment from

Cultural Differences in Nonverbal Communication

Cultural Differences in Nonverbal Communication Physical appearance plays an important part in non-verbal communication. It encompasses all of the physical characteristics of an individual, including body size , skin color , hair color and style , facial hair, and facial features. Physical appearance is readily observed and reveals many aspects of psychosocial function  [2]. A persons physical appearance reveals a great deal about that person. For that reason one needs to take care of his/her look prior to participating in oral communication, especially in business setting. For instance, a clean, neat, appropriately dressed individual conveys a positive self-image, knowledge and competence. A dirty, careless or inappropriately dressed person conveys the message that he does not care about his or her look  [3]. The presence of body odor, poor hygiene, and badly dressed clothing may be associated with any of the following: depression, incompetence, impaired cognitive abilities, limited financial recourses, overwhelming care giving responsibilities, impaired vision or smell, or deficiency in access to or inability to use bathing facilities  [4]. Physical appearance includes physiological characteristics, such as eye color and height, as well as ways in which we manage, or even alter, our physical appearance. For instance, many people control their physical appearance by dieting, using steroids and other drugs, coloring their hair, having plastic surgery, wearing colored contact lenses, and using make-up  [5]. Physical appearance has an influence on communication since one evaluates others in interpersonal exchanges  [6]. Based on physical qualities one may make inferences about others personalities. Although these inferences may have no factual basis, they can affect ones personal and s ocial relationships as well as decisions about hiring, placement, and promotion  [7]. It is crucial since the first impression made during interaction lasts long. For instance, if a young intelligent man who graduated from the university with distinction and wants to get a job. However, every time he would come to a job interview, he would get rejected by potential employers who would reason he doesnt suit them. The real issue behind those rejections would be that he has a problem with the smell that comes out of his mouth. Besides problems with the smell of the body, the color of ones skin can also influence the outcome of communication and affect communication process. For instance, certain individuals will not communicate with persons who are of a particular race or ethnicity.  [8]  In such cases, communication will be difficult to realize, since it is a matter of choice that is already made by that person who prefers avoiding interracial communication and his opinion would be difficult to alter. There was a situation in Russia when an eleven year old school girl from Poland refused to play with a boy from Nigeria because he was black Another situation occurred in the daycare center in the USA where a small boy would not let Afro-American staff touch him as they looked dirty to him. Neither would he want to play with children of that race  [9]. Different cultures have different values of physical appearance. For instance, Western culture places an extremely high value on physical appearance and on specific aspects of appearance  [10]. Consequently, miscommunication may occur when a person with an inappropriate appearance from a different culture will attempt to conduct a conversation with a person from Western culture, who will perceive him or her incorrectly. The traditional African societies perceive full-figured bodies as signs of health, prosperity, and wealth, all of which are considered necessary. African Americans who support this value acknowledge or prefer women who weigh more than the ideal model for European American women or Caucasians  [11]. During intercultural communication, people will perceive each other differently and will demonstrate an attitude that they usually do in their culture. Improper usage of physical appearance in intercultural communication and setting such as a religious institution or a corporation may result in miscommunication or even violence. Hence, one needs to adjust his/her look to a setting in which s/he will interact in the hosting culture. However, paying attention only to how one looks would be insufficient if one has problems with bad smell. Olfactics Another aspect of the oral communication is odor of a communicator. As mentioned before, the interaction with a person who has bad smell can be the cause of failure to obtain a job. Olfactics is the study of communication via smell which is the least understood of all senses  [12]  and refers to the use and perception of smell as related to communication  [13]. Smell is a code that is almost exclusively nonverbal  [14]. It is a term for odors and scents as well as our perception of them  [15]. Smell is a very strong signal to most people, closely connected in many set of circumstances to strong emotions  [16]. The amount of human brain devoted to olfaction is a very large portion. Odor is first detected by the olfactory epithelium in the nose, which starts a chain of events that leads to an information flow to olfactory bulb and limbic system of the brain, which pays a key role in regulating body functions and the emotions. Smell is the only sense linked directly into the limbic system, which may be evidence of its being our most basic, primitive sense  [17]. A tiny organ in the nasal cavity that responds to chemicals such as pheromones and natural substances plays a role in basic human emotions such as fear, hunger, and those which are related to sex  [18]. Smells are almost constantly processed in a holistic manner  [19]. Most smells activate olfactory responses but there is a difference in perception of smell based on gender. Women can detect odors in lower concentrations, identify them more accurately, and remember them longer than men  [20]. Heterosexual men and women respond to the pheromones of the opposite sex with increased activity in the hypothalamus connected to sexual behavior. Lesbians respond with elevated hypothalamic activity to the estrogen -like pheromone of other women  [21]. It is possible to recall an event that occurred months or years ago when similar smells encountered again smell as such smells are a powerful memory aid  [22]. Hence the first impression lasts longer and that is why it needs to be good, which is why people use perfumes, soaps, and body deodorants to convey a particular image to others or to cover up natural odor which is related to hormones and DNA structures and is too a part of the olfatic code  [23]. There are many ways in which smell is applied. One of them is in aromatherapy. Aromatherapy is the application of oils of flowers, herbs, and plants to make people feel better, which was widely practiced in ancient Chinese, Egyptian, and Indian civilizations and is widely applied today in Belgium, England, France, Germany, and Switzerland. Besides, fragrance is used in the workplace in Japan in order to enhance efficiency and reduce stress among office workers  [24]. Another application of smell is in marketing because advertisers believe that smell is important. For instance, Mike Gatti, the executive director of marketing at the National Retail Federation stated: A lot of retail companies use it, and its purpose really is to keep customers in your store, to create this welcoming environment and it works; it does keep people in your store longer. It helps people feel better in their shopping, and in a lot of cases causes them to spend more money.  [25]  Fragrance strips in magazines enable consumers to sample a perfume.  [26]  In other words, smell is used as a method of persuasion in mass communication. Likewise, smell refers to body odor. Certain cultures are sensitive to any body odor; others conceal body odor with perfumes and colognes; and still others find the odor of perfumes and colognes unpleasant. Generally, body odor is affected by the food one eats; interesting enough, those who eat meat have a different body odor  [27]. Since Attitudes to body odor vary considerably across cultures, they can sometimes cause problems  [28]. People will react positively or negatively to other people based on the way they smell. A persons smell remains in another persons long after he or she has left the room. For instance, citizens from the United States consider body odors, bad breath, perspiration, or too much cologne to be offensive. In turn, as clean as US inhabitants think they are, many cultures consider their smell offensive. Because people of the United States eat much more meat than people in many other countries, their body odor is different from those who are from other coun tries in which more vegetables and fish are consumed. Japanese and Filipinos are raised to be very conscious of different odors and often complain about the way US Americans smell. Although U.S inhabitants tend to be uncomfortable with natural smells, Middle Easterners and Filipinos believe being able to smell a friends breath is pleasing. Without knowing how culture perceives odors and how one is expected to react to odors, one is not able to behave appropriately in business environment. Lack of knowledge in the olfactics area has affected many business transaction  [29]. Here is an example how smell can affect someones career in intercultural communication: A medical doctor from Saudi Arabia was completing an internship in a hospital in the southern United States. Problems arose when patients refused to have the Saudi doctor examine them. Interviews with patients revealed two problems: he smelled bad and he breathed on the patients. The doctors orientation had apparently failed to include the incongruence between Arabic and U.S American perceptions of smell.  [30]   In order to be accepted by people from other cultures, an individual needs to adopt the hygiene practices of the country he is visiting or in which he is conducting business  [31]  . Unfortunately, that medical doctor, being in the US, was proficient only in English and Medicine. He didnt have sufficient communicative competence to avoid the misunderstanding described above. Proxemics Besides smell, there is a need to take a look at another aspect of communication that leads people into misperception of each other proxemics. It is the study of personal space and how humans use distance in general. This term was first used in 1963 by an anthropologist and researcher Edward T. Hall  [32]. Proxemics relates to spatial distance between persons interacting with each other, and their orientation toward each other. Individuals generally divide their personal space into four distinct zones. Edward Hall identified four spatial zones: Intimate space 0- 1, 5 feet. For family members and beloved. Personal space 1, 5-4 feet. For friends. Social space 4-12 feet. For strangers. Public space 12 feet-and more  [33]. Proxemics is nonverbal communication that deals with physical distance between people. When someone moves into intimate space with another person who does not want to be intimate with him/her, that person, whose personal space is trespassed, is likely to become uncomfortable and put up barriers. This situation is also known as invading the persons space. People who feel that their space has been violated will step back or cross their arms. However, if an individual stays within the social space zone with a close friend who prefers to be in his personal or intimate space, this may result in negative feelings  [34]. Proxemics is the communicative aspect of personal space and or territory. Everyone is believed to be encircled by an invisible zone of psychological comfort that follows us everywhere we travel. That invisible zone provides persons with a lot of nonverbal information regarding the level of trust and intimacy that an individual has for other people. Cooperation is a key factor in the street negotiation and its participant must be able to read the level of comfort of the person s/he is dealing with and must take into consideration the amount of distance that an individual needs to be comfortable while being dealt with. Knowing the dynamics of personal space will also prevent one party of the interaction from unknowingly violating their counterparts personal space and causing unnecessary tension. Distance between people depends on power and authority that a person has. People who possess the most power and authority command a greater amount of personal space that they can entitle as their own. They will often distance themselves from other people of less power around them. Confident people, and people of higher status, are comfortable going straight to the center of the attention while lower status, or non-confident people, to tend to have near the exits or the back of the room  [35]. The comfort zones vary drastically between cultures. Arabs and Americans differed significantly in proxemics, the Arabs interacting with each other closer and more directly than Americans. The differences in distance between subjects from different Arab regions were smaller than those in different American regions. Arabs interact much closer to each other. Latin Americans exhibit less closeness than Arabs, but still interact much closer than Anglo Americans. Interactants stand farther apart and the frequency of tactile contact diminishes as one goes from Central to South America.